Seating Arrangement Variations and Student Engagement in Elementary Education: A Systematic Literature Review
Keywords:
classroom seating arrangements, Student engagement, Elementary education, Literature reviewAbstract
Background: This study investigates the impact of seating arrangement variations on student engagement within the elementary education context. While traditional layouts have long been the norm, there is a growing need to understand how spatial configurations can foster a more active learning environment. This research aims to synthesize existing evidence to determine how different classroom setups influence student participation and interaction.
Methods: A qualitative approach using a library research method was employed. The study synthesized 15 relevant national scientific articles published between 2021 and 2026. Data were harvested from academic databases, including Google Scholar, with a specific focus on classroom management and learning environments. The selection process followed the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) protocol, while the data were analyzed using thematic analysis to identify patterns and core findings across the literature.
Results: The findings indicate that flexible seating arrangements—such as small-group clusters, U-shaped, and circular formations—significantly outperform conventional row seating in fostering student engagement. These layouts enhance classroom interaction, encourage active discussion, and facilitate peer collaboration. Results suggest that a flexible physical environment creates a more dynamic and interactive atmosphere, which is essential for young learners.
Conclusion: The study concludes that while flexible arrangements offer substantial benefits, their effectiveness is moderated by learning objectives, student characteristics, and the teacher's classroom management proficiency. Therefore, seating variations should not be static; they must be implemented in a planned, flexible, and contextual manner. Optimizing student engagement in elementary classrooms requires a strategic alignment between the physical layout and the specific pedagogical goals of the lesson.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Maya Alemina Ketaren, Paskah Valerius Sagala, Regina Yolanda Naibaho, Sry Nurliani Br Tarigan (Author)
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