Pertanggungjawaban Pidana Korporasi dalam Sistem Hukum Pidana Indonesia: Analisis Yuridis terhadap Pengaturan dan Penegakannya
Keywords:
Pertanggungjawaban Pidana, Korporasi, Hukum Pidana, Penegakan Hukum, Subjek Hukum PidanaAbstract
Objective: This study aims to analyze the legal basis for recognizing corporations as subjects of criminal liability within the Indonesian legal system, examine the theories underlying corporate criminal liability, and identify the challenges encountered in the enforcement of criminal law against corporations.
Method: This research employs a normative legal research method using both statutory and conceptual approaches. The legal materials consist of primary legal sources, including legislation governing corporate criminal liability, and secondary legal sources, such as books, scholarly journals, and relevant research findings. The data were analyzed qualitatively using a descriptive-analytical method.
Results: The findings reveal that corporations have been formally recognized as subjects of criminal law within the Indonesian legal system, as stipulated in Law Number 1 of 2023 concerning the Criminal Code and various sector-specific regulations. Corporate criminal liability is constructed through the application of identification theory, strict liability theory, and the concept of corporate culture. In practice, however, law enforcement against corporations continues to face several challenges, including the complexity of proving the element of fault, multilayered organizational structures, limited institutional capacity among law enforcement authorities, and a tendency to focus criminal prosecution on corporate executives rather than on the corporation as a legal entity.
Conclusion: The regulation of corporate criminal liability plays a crucial role in promoting justice and enhancing the effectiveness of law enforcement in addressing corporate crime. Nevertheless, optimizing its implementation requires strengthening evidentiary mechanisms, improving the capacity of law enforcement agencies, and developing legal approaches that are more responsive to the characteristics of modern corporate crime.
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References
Hamzah, Andi. (2005). Hukum Pidana Korporasi. Jakarta: Sinar Grafika.
Muladi. (2007). Kapita Selekta Hukum Pidana. Bandung: Citra Aditya Bakti.
Sudarto. (1990). Hukum Pidana I. Semarang: Yayasan Sudarto.
Waluyo, Bambang. (2011). Pidana dan Pemidanaan. Jakarta: Sinar Grafika
Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2023 tentang Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana.
Undang-Undang Nomor 40 Tahun 2007 tentang Perseroan Terbatas.
Undang-Undang Nomor 32 Tahun 2009 tentang Perlindungan dan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup.
Undang-Undang Nomor 31 Tahun 1999 jo. Undang-Undang Nomor 20 Tahun 2001 tentang Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Korupsi.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Sumarno Sumarno, Suci Ramadani, Medi Islamta Sembiring, Jhoni Muda Pratama Barus, Muhammad Harimanka S Harahap (Author)
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